PCOS: Recognizing the Signs and Getting the Right Support

September is PCOS Awareness Month, a time to shine a light on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a condition that affects about 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. Despite how common it is, many women live with PCOS symptoms for years before receiving a diagnosis. Because the symptoms can look different from person to person, PCOS often goes unrecognized or misunderstood.

If you’ve been struggling with irregular cycles, acne, unwanted hair growth, or trouble managing your weight, you may have wondered: Could this be PCOS? Understanding the signs and what to expect from testing can help you take the first step toward answers and relief.

What is PCOS?

PCOS is a hormonal condition that affects how your ovaries function. In PCOS, the ovaries may produce higher levels of male hormones (androgens), which can disrupt the menstrual cycle and cause symptoms like acne, excess hair growth, or thinning hair. Some women with PCOS also develop multiple small follicles (often called “cysts”) on their ovaries, but not everyone with PCOS has cysts — and not all cysts mean you have PCOS.

PCOS is not just a reproductive condition. It can also affect your metabolism and increase the risk of long-term health concerns such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

Common Signs and Symptoms of PCOS

One of the most confusing aspects of PCOS is that symptoms can vary widely. Some women only notice a few subtle changes, while others may experience several symptoms at once. Common signs include:

• Irregular or missed periods: Cycles that are more than 35 days apart, unpredictable, or absent for several months.
• Excess hair growth (hirsutism): Dark, coarse hair on the face, chest, back, or abdomen caused by higher androgen levels.
• Acne and oily skin: Persistent acne, especially along the jawline or chin, that doesn’t improve with typical treatments.
• Thinning hair or hair loss: While hair may grow in unwanted places, you may also notice thinning on your scalp.
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight: Often linked to insulin resistance, which is common in PCOS.
• Fertility challenges: Irregular ovulation can make it harder to become pregnant. PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility.
• Skin changes: Darkened patches of skin (acanthosis nigricans) on the neck, armpits, or groin, and sometimes small skin tags.

If you see yourself in several of these symptoms, it may be time to schedule a conversation with your healthcare provider.

How PCOS is Diagnosed

There’s no single test for PCOS. Instead, your provider will look at a combination of factors, which may include:

• Medical history and physical exam: Your provider will ask about your periods, weight changes, family history, and symptoms such as acne or excess hair growth.
• Blood tests: These check hormone levels and help rule out other causes of irregular cycles, like thyroid or prolactin issues. Bloodwork may also evaluate for insulin resistance or cholesterol concerns.
• Pelvic ultrasound: A transvaginal ultrasound can show whether your ovaries have multiple follicles or other changes.

Most providers follow the Rotterdam criteria: having two out of three factors — irregular ovulation, elevated androgens, or polycystic ovaries — may lead to a diagnosis.

Managing PCOS: What Happens Next?

“While there is no single “cure” for PCOS, the good news is that symptoms can be effectively managed with the right care plan”, explains Dr. Kelsi Drummond, MD. Treatment is tailored to your needs and health goals, such as:

• Regulating periods: Birth control pills, progesterone, or other medications can help make cycles more predictable.
• Improving skin and hair concerns: Treatments may include topical or oral medications to address acne, hair growth, or hair thinning.
• Supporting weight and metabolism: Lifestyle changes, insulin-sensitizing medications, and nutritional support can help with weight management and reduce long-term health risks.
• Fertility planning: If pregnancy is your goal, your provider may recommend medications to stimulate ovulation or refer you to a fertility specialist.

It’s also important to address the emotional side of PCOS. Struggling with symptoms like weight changes or acne can take a toll on self-esteem. Many women find relief and empowerment by working with a provider who listens and creates a plan that fits their life.

You’re Not Alone

If you suspect you might have PCOS, know that you are not alone. “Millions of women live with this condition — and with the right support, you can feel better and protect your long-term health”, states Kelsi Drummond, MD.

At Women’s Health Associates of Kansas City, we are here to help you find answers and build a care plan that supports your whole health, not just your symptoms. Whether your goals are to regulate your cycle, improve your skin, manage your weight, or start a family, our team will be with you every step of the way.

To schedule an appointment or speak with one of our experienced providers, call us at 913-677-3113. With two convenient locations in Overland Park and Leawood, Women’s Health Associates is your trusted partner for comprehensive women’s health care in the Kansas City area.

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.